Alexander ii of russia reforms

great reforms timeline
causes
emancipation of the serfs
other great reforms
consequences/impact
bibliography

Between 1861 and 1874, Alexander II, tsar of Russia (r.

1855–1881), decreed major reforms of Russia's social, judicial, educational, financial, administrative, and military systems. His program came to be known as the Great Reforms. These acts liberated roughly 40 percent of the population from bondage, created an independent judicial system, introduced self-governing councils in towns and rural areas, eased censorship, transformed military service, strengthened banking, and granted more autonomy to universities.

Alexander II accomplished this program in a mere thirteen years with the assistance of his brother Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich, reform-minded bureaucrats, and conservative state servitors who placed loyalty to the tsar above their policy preferences.

The Great Reforms introduced a period of rapid social and economic development that wa